ED intensivists and ED intensive care units.

a Division of Emergency Critical Care, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA b Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA c Departments of Critical Care Medicine & Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA d Department of Surgery/ Department of Emergency Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA e Department of Emergency Medicine & Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma/Critical Care, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA f Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA